Pravastatin induces cell cycle arrest and decreased production of VEGF and bFGF in multiple myeloma cell line / Pravastatina induz parada no ciclo celular e diminuição na produção de VEGF e bFGF em linhagem de Mieloma Multiplo

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B cell bone marrow neoplasia characterized by inflammation with an intense secretion of growth factors that promote tumor growth, cell survival, migration and invasion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pravastatin, a drug used to reduce cholesterol, in a MM cell line.Cell cycle and viability were determinate by Trypan Blue and Propidium Iodide. IL6, VEGF, bFGF and TGFβ were quantified by ELISA and qRT-PCR including here de HMG CoA reductase. It was observed reduction of cell viability, increase of cells in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and reducing the factors VEGF and bFGF without influence on 3-Methyl-Glutaryl Coenzyme A reductase expression.The results demonstrated that pravastatin induces cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 and decreased production of growth factors in Multiple Myeloma cell line.

Resumo O Mieloma Múltiplo é uma neoplasia de linfócitos B da medula óssea, caracterizada por inflamação com uma intensa secreção de fatores de crescimento que promovem o aumento do volume do tumor, sobrevivência celular, migração e invasão. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da pravastatina, uma droga usada para reduzir o colesterol, em um linhagem de MM. O ciclo celular e viabilidade foram determinadas por Trypan Blue e iodeto de propídio. IL6, VEGF, bFGF e TGF foram quantificadas por ELISA e qRT-PCR, incluindo aqui de HMG CoA redutase. Observou-se a redução da viabilidade das células, aumento de células na fase G0/G1 do ciclo celular e redução no VEGF e bFGF, sem influência na expressão da enzima 3-Metil-Glutaril Coenzima A redutase. Os resultados demonstraram que a pravastatina induz parada no ciclo celular em G0/G1 e diminuição da produção de fatores de crescimento em várias linhas de células de Mieloma.

Comparison between linear evaluation and fractal geometry of the human and sheep heart

Introduction: The comparison between the anatomical heart sheep and the human heart in a straight line shows a high degree of similarity; the dimensions of the heart sheep closely resemble the human heart. Materials and Methods: All analyzes and photographs taken from the sheep heart and human heart were performed in the laboratory of human anatomy, department of health and biological sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa. The morphometric analysis included 8 specimens heart study material pertaining to the anatomy lab UEPG. The sheep hearts were obtained from slaughterhouse taking into account the relative weight next to the human, between 60 and 70kg. Measurements were taken with digital calipers. Results: Internally it is possible to observe the macroscopic similarity between the atrial ventricular chambers of the sheep heart and the human heart. In a non-linear analysis, it can be concluded that they are distinct in complexity, as the human heart shown largest value of fractal dimension in relation to the sheep heart. Conclusion: The comparative study suggests more comprehensive use of the sheep heart as a model for anatomical study, due to its proximity to the human heart, but denotes the differences in complexity between the organs through the use of fractal dimension.(AU)

Pattern self-repetition allied to complexity and adaptationof different anatomic structures of human body

The first appliances about Chaos Theory in the biological sciences, made by Robert May, turned visible thegrowth and appliance of this sciences in morphology or even in fisiology, when is stipulated the behaviorof very sensitive systems to different conditions, showing complex behavior. Behind this parameters, itwas stipulated a morphological study in microscopic and macroscopic scales for pathologic appliances andobtaining new parameters in the anatomy and histology field. We observed that the skin shows the greatestself-repetition pattern, being the largest organ in the human body. The circulatory system has its great blooddiffusion in function of a complex branched web of vases in a non-linear shape. It was observed a great fractalpatterns in the structure of the heart, and it’s frequency must be chaotic in function of the need of the humanbody and specific activities to avoid muscular hyperplasia. Bones and articulations denote dynamic interaction,what permit temporal adaptations such as the formation of the cranial bone sutures. The encephalic anatomy,specially the sulcus, got a self-repetition pattern. The following step was to stipulate these concepts in dynamicalprocess such as the cell differentiation.

Protein-energy malnutrition halts hemopoietic progenitor cells in the G0/G1 cell cycle stage, thereby altering cell production rates

Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a syndrome that often results in immunodeficiency coupled with pancytopenia. Hemopoietic tissue requires a high nutrient supply and the proliferation, differentiation and maturation of cells occur in a constant and balanced manner, sensitive to the demands of specific cell lineages and dependent on the stem cell population. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of PEM on some aspects of hemopoiesis, analyzing the cell cycle of bone marrow cells and the percentage of progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Two-month-old male Swiss mice (N = 7-9 per group) were submitted to PEM with a low-protein diet (4 percent) or were fed a control diet (20 percent protein) ad libitum. When the experimental group had lost about 20 percent of their original body weight after 14 days, we collected blood and bone marrow cells to determine the percentage of progenitor cells and the number of cells in each phase of the cell cycle. Animals of both groups were stimulated with 5-fluorouracil. Blood analysis, bone marrow cell composition and cell cycle evaluation was performed after 10 days. Malnourished animals presented anemia, reticulocytopenia and leukopenia. Their bone marrow was hypocellular and depleted of progenitor cells. Malnourished animals also presented more cells than normal in phases G0 and G1 of the cell cycle. Thus, we conclude that PEM leads to the depletion of progenitor hemopoietic populations and changes in cellular development. We suggest that these changes are some of the primary causes of pancytopenia in cases of PEM.